On top of its usual payments, the amount of people claiming unemployment benefits was increasing. President Hindenburg was a right-wing conservative politician and therefore disliked having the left-wing SPD in power. This set a precedent of governing by presidential decree and moved the Republic away from parliamentary democracy. Extremism became more popular as people desperately sought a solution.
Von Papen agreed with the conservative elite that Germany needed an authoritarian leader to stabilise the country. He called for another election in November , hoping to strengthen the frontier against communism and socialism.
The Communist Party gained votes, winning eleven more seats in the Reichstag. Once again, no one party had a majority. The election was a failure. He refused, and von Schleicher became chancellor. However, without a majority of his own in the Reichstag, von Schleicher faced the same problems as von Papen.
Hindenburg refused to grant von Schleicher permission to rule by decree. The conservative elite were the old ruling class and new business class in Weimar Germany. They believed that a return to authoritarian rule was the only stable future for Germany which would protect their power and money. Between Article 48 was used a total of 16 times. In alone this rose to 42 uses, in comparison to only 35 Reichstag laws being passed in the same year. In , Article 48 was used 58 times.
The conservative elite and the Nazi Party had a common enemy — the political left. Once in power, Hitler could destroy the political left. Destroying the political left would help to remove the majority of political opponents to the ring-wing conservative elite. Once Hitler had removed the left-wing socialist opposition and destroyed the Weimar Republic, the conservative elite thought they would be able to replace Hitler, and appoint a leader of their choice.
A group of important industrialists, including Hjalmar Schacht and Gustav Krupp, also wrote outlining their support of Hitler to President Hindenburg. Once elected, the conservative elite soon realised that they had miscalculated Hitler and his intentions. Despite the party restructure, the reorganisation of the SA and the initial development of their propaganda under Goebbels, the Nazi Party gained very little in the elections.
They won just 2. The following year however, the Wall Street Crash and the resulting economic and political instability swung the conservative elite and electorate in their favour. Goebbels carefully tailored propaganda slowly became considerably more attractive. In , the Nazis attracted eight times more votes than in They managed to secure The continuing failure of the government to stabilise the situation only increased the Nazis popularity.
In February , Hitler ran against Hindenburg to become president. To emphasise this point, Hitler flew from venue to venue via aeroplane. Adolf Hitler was disillusioned and bitter after World War One. He felt the war had ended too soon and the Weimar Republic had sold Germany out by agreeing to the Treaty of Versailles.
In he joined a small political party in Munich, known as the German Workers' Party. Before long he was its leader. This became known as the Nazi party. Fritzsche and others point out that in the German miniseries, Generation War, all of the anti-Semitic lines are spoken by Polish characters in the film—not Germans.
This did not sit well with Polish audiences. On the other hand, he says the film does not ignore anti-Semitism within Germany.
One of the five main characters in the film is a Jewish man, and when he returns to Berlin after the war, he finds that his old apartment has been taken over by another family.
This drives home the point that the goods of German Jews were confiscated and auctioned off. He points out that the youngest veterans of World War II are turning 87 this year. But even after all of this time, the soul-searching continues throughout Germany, as the television event demonstrated.
The following year, the German army swallowed up the remainder of Czechoslovakia. I believe it is peace for our time.
After being released from prison, Hitler vowed to work within the parliamentary system to avoid a repeat of the Beer Hall Putsch setback. In the s, however, the Nazi Party was still a fringe group of ultraextremists with little political power.
It received only 2. But the worldwide economic depression and the rising power of labor unions and communists convinced increasing numbers of Germans to turn to the Nazi Party. The Nazis fed on bank failures and unemployment—proof, Hitler said, of the ineffectiveness of democratic government. Hitler pledged to restore prosperity, create civil order by crushing industrial strikes and street demonstrations by communists and socialists , eliminate the influence of Jewish financiers, and make the fatherland once again a world power.
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