Having predetermined meeting places away from your home will save time and minimize confusion should your home be affected or the area evacuated. Make arrangements to stay with a family member or friend in case of an emergency.
Be sure to include your pets in these plans, since pets are not permitted in shelters and some hotels will not accept them as they are just as much a part of the family as anyone else. Have two emergency locations, each in opposite directions. You never know, until an actual emergency, which direction you will need to evacuate.
If you need to leave your home having some essential supplies at your disposal will make it more comfortable for the family. Prepare an emergency preparedness kit in something easy-to-carry such as a duffel bag or small plastic trashcan. NTARC, In conclusion, mitigation and preparedness are very important with respects of a disaster response and recover.
Just think of in this manner to put everything into perspective. In order to give your family and yourself the best chances of survival during a disaster you must to have a plan in place and think of all the factors that you can do before hand to minimize the impact of a disaster. Like we do in the Navy, before we pull out to sea we have a very big checklist that we adhere to and list all the factors that can go wrong then brief a response to those factors.
This will ensure everyone knows his or her responsibility. It saves lives and promotes a safety first environment. Being proactive is the key to minimizing the loss of human life, injuries, financial losses, property damage and the interruption of business activities. Methods my change between hazards and incidents, but the goals are always the same. That is, to foresee and, where conceivable, forestall fiascos, alleviate their effect on helpless populaces, and react to and successfully adapt to their outcomes.
The term Alleviation can be contained in the term Counteraction. Relief intends to decrease the seriousness of the human and material harm brought about by the fiasco. A central website is an effective and efficient way to communicate during and following disasters. It can provide links to critical resources, educate citizens on the availability of financial resources, provide vital information on recovery and planning, and dispel rumors and misunderstandings.
Download the Playbook Tip Sheet. Playbook Log In. Username or Email Address. Remember Me. Log In. Check your e-mail for the confirmation link. The name for the agency may slightly differ depending upon the population, size, geographical location, etc. Preparedness can be referred to as the degree to which a nation, community, household, or other organization gets to prepare for a crisis.
The term preparedness is often used in the context of extreme weather events preparation and other natural disturbances. Both strategy and resources can be included in the preparedness. Anything that is required to respond to a crisis can be involved in necessary resources.
The necessary supplies majorly depend on the situation, such as shelter in place order or evacuation is issued. Things can include food and water, mobile phones for communication, supplies for sheltering in place, and batteries for the flashlight. Planning and strategy are also involved in preparedness.
In most cases, a plan fails to be made when a crisis is already underway. For instance, families are advised to be at a safe place and in case they fail to spot their actual house then it is better to meet at the rally point outside. For cities and nations, it becomes more complicated. Threat analysis goes beyond vulnerability analysis by looking at weaknesses in the control mechanisms or countermeasures for identified threats. Control weaknesses may be technical, operational, or management-related, and it might be best to admit here that assessment of control weaknesses is often a subjective matter of judgment, although in recent years, there has been a tendency to evaluate control by the principles of information assurance and security, for which there are five availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation - see NSA Information Assurance FAQ website.
Finally, cost obviously enters into the process of deciding which mitigation efforts to pursue. The "best" mitigation plan or activity is the one that is cost-effective; i. The amount of acceptable risk to absorb is always a management decision. The amount of cost to mitigate may be something the emergency planner or manager can lobby for.
Once a decision has been made, the emergency planner may want to start calculating "opportunity costs" for the directions not taken. It's also a good idea to keep track of how security policies tend to change by themselves over time, as sometimes, these "savings" can be the impetus for pursuing even greater risk mitigation.
Structural engineers are building experts who are often involved in construction safety investigations. Buildings, bridges, and other man-made structures are not supposed to fail, but, sometimes they do, because of fire, earthquakes, high winds, errors in design and construction, flaws in materials or workmanship, or terrorist attacks.
There are numerous organizations associated with structural engineering and the many contributions it can make to mitigation, particularly in the area of terrorist mitigation; e. NIST has conducted or led the following investigations:. Granted, much in the above list draws agencies like NIST into areas of non-structural mitigation , but indeed, there are important scientific facts every individual, family member, first responder, and community ought to know.
Family-based disaster planning should not be overlooked or understated. To cite just a few examples of scientific facts everyone ought to know Bullock et. On some of the other topics in the list above, there is little question that the involvement of disaster scientists in criminal justice, criminalistics, and fire safety is a good thing.
Scientific or engineering expertise is rarely brought to bear, however, on community issues. An "opportunities" approach tends to characterize the government's pattern in this regard, as exemplified by the mega-agency known as the Corporation for National and Community Service , which is part of a White House initiative known as Freedom Corps. Opportunities are somewhat matched to interests and talents in many Freedom Corps organizations, like Peace Corps , Citizen Corps , AmeriCorps , Senior Corps , and the newly-launched Fire Corps , but it remains to be seen if good mitigation springs from these agencies or they simply fulfill a desire to serve.
Nevertheless, the potential for such initiatives is great, and it is perhaps academia who is dropping the ball here, as the sociological phenomenon of civic voluntarism has yet to be jumped on by researchers. There is nothing wrong with local communities trying to improve their homeland security capabilities, and they should be assisted in as many ways as possible.
One area where more extensive work is needed is the area of reciprocal aid. Reciprocal aid or mutual aid agreements are formal agreements with neighboring jurisdictions to furnish mutual or reciprocal aid.
A reciprocal aid agreement should specify several things very clearly and, if necessary, in separate form for each of the jurisdictions involved. Exactly what is to he provided in given circumstances should be spelled out in terms of manpower, equipment, vehicles and supplies, as appropriate.
The duration of such external assistance should be specified, along with any limitations to be placed on it. Unless the financial burden of supplying reciprocal aid is deemed to he roughly equal between the parties, arrangements may have to be spelled out for financial compensation. It may also be appropriate to state the conditions in which mutual aid is not expected to be furnished.
Finally, there are cases in which mutual aid is best mapped out at a conference attended by various jurisdictions, in order to ensure that the assistance is efficiently planned, rather than provided for in a series of bilateral agreements that tend to duplicate resources or lead to imbalances. According to Alexander , sociologists have classified five 5 organizations that operate in disasters:. Adapting organizations retain their original structure and complement of personnel, but adapt their operations to the needs of the disaster; thus, a local-government council may form a relief committee.
Expanding organizations increase their complement in order to cope with the disaster, perhaps by taking on volunteer workers, canceling leave of permanent personnel, calling in consultants, or increasing the hours of part- time workers. Extending organizations increase the range of their activities to cover needs generated by the disaster; thus, a construction company may he involved in structural mitigation and urban search-and-rescue activities.
Emerging organizations are horn out of the situation created by the disaster and the emergence of people with latent gifts of organization and leadership; for example, victims and survivors may form an association to represent their needs more effectively. Thus, what sociologists call a disaster subculture is born among the affected group. Redundant organizations have no role to play during disaster and are usually abandoned by their members for the duration of the emergency.
These may include sporting or cultural societies, although occasionally they adapt their functions and find a role in the emergency. Preparedness in the field of emergency management can best be defined as "a state of readiness to respond to a disaster, crisis, or other emergency situation.
It also involves education and training initiatives, and planning to evacuate vulnerable populations from threatened areas. It often takes place against a background of attempts to increase public and political awareness of potential disasters and to garner support for increased funding of mitigation efforts.
Short-term preparedness means to prepare for certain disasters once they have begun or begin to occur. In this latter sense, preparedness means to prepare as much as possible for known disasters, and the best preparations are always about what we know best. The best preparation is to get ready, plan, organize, set up, and practice some drill or test. Good preparedness means proper planning, resource allocation, training, and simulated disaster response exercises.
It is important to conduct exercises to ensure that skills, equipment, and other resources can be effectively coordinated when an emergency occurs. Exercises also provide a good opportunity to identify organizational and departmental shortcomings and take corrective action before an actual event takes place. Airports, hospitals, and other healthcare facilities must conduct an exercise once every 2 years to maintain their certification or license to operate, and many employers are required by OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration to have an emergency action plan that is in accordance with OSHA Guidelines for Emergency Response in the Workplace.
The NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires nuclear power plants test their disaster plans yearly, and conduct a full-scale exercise every two years. The U. There are five 5 kinds of exercises that can be conducted in the name of emergency preparedness: 1 orientation; 2 drill; 3 tabletop exercise; 4 functional exercise; and 5 full-scale exercise. The difference between the last two is that a full-scale exercise usually involves people playing the role of victims, and the word "scenario" is usually applied to any exercise which has lots of enhancements or props to make it seem realistic.
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