Volume 39 Issue 2, July View all volumes and issues. Case report on postmortem fentanyl measurement after overdose with more than 67 fentanyl patches Authors first, second and last of 5 L. Peeters I. Vleut C. This journal has open access articles. This section does not state that the police officer shall be entitled to personally collect semen, blood, hair root, urine, vaginal swab, etc for the purpose of investigation himself.
The new Explanation now stands which include within its ambit examination of blood, blood stains, semen, sputum, swabs, sweat, hair samples and finger nails by the use of modern techniques in the case of sexual offences including DNA profiling and such other tests which is necessary in a particular case.
Though, S. By issuing direction to the police officer to collect blood samples from the accused and conduct DNA test for the purpose of further investigation under S. The incidence of poisoning in India is among the highest in the world, and it is estimated that more than 50, people die every year from toxic exposure.
The commonest agents in India appear to be pesticides organophosphates, carbamates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and pyrethroids , sedative drugs, chemicals corrosive acids and copper sulfate , alcohols, plant toxins datura, oleander, strychnos, and gastro-intestinal irritants such as castor, croton, calotropis, etc.
This was the first criminal case in India solved by the help of forensics and an attempt was made by the criminals to conceal a homicide by firearm by putting the dead body on fire. However a clever and systematic forensic investigation revealed the true cause of death. The case involved an incident in which the victim was shot by Shusil Sharma husband of the victim and then put in tandoor.
After murdering his wife Sharma took her body in his car to the Bagiya restaurant, where he and restaurant manager Keshav Kumar attempted to burn her in a tandoor. According to the lab report, "Blood sample preserved by the doctor while conducting the post mortem and the blood stains on two leads recovered from the skull and the neck of the body of deceased Naina are of 'B' blood group.
Harbhajan Singh and Jaswant Kaur. Shusil Sharma was found guilty with the help of forensic evidences. Subsequently with the help of these, two fathers of the church were arrested.
In year , Aarushi Talwar, the year-old daughter of a successful dentist couple, was found dead with her throat slit in her parents' home in Noida, Delhi. Along with the girl, the servant of the house Hemraj was found dead. In this case fingerprinting was applied and DNA was extracted from the clothes containing blood stains. Also several fingerprints were found on the glasses of the house at the time of murder. The final verdict of the Court on this case is still pending.
The case also discussed about the admissibility of the narco tests as legal evidence. Anant Chintaman Lagu v. If these facts are proved and there is motive, the court may be able to draw the inference, that the poison was administered by the accused to the deceased resulting in his death.
Poloniswamy v. When the murder is alleged to have been caused by poison and the medical evidence is unable to determine poison, even then conviction can be recorded if the other evidence, oral or circumstances on the record establishes the guilt of the accused.
Mahabir v. The court upheld that the fact that the heart of the deceased at the time of post-mortem examination was found to be empty would not rule out asphyxia death as a result of poisoning. It is difficult to isolate and recognize the poison in a number of cases where the deceased dies due to poisoning. Several poisons particularly of the synthetic hypnotics and vegetable alkaloidal group do not leave any characteristic signs which can be noticed on postmortem examination.
Forensic science is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to a legal system. This may be in relation to a crime or a civil action.
Besides its relevance to a legal system, more generally forensics encompasses the accepted scholarly or scientific methodology and norms under which the facts regarding an event, or an artifact, or some other physical item are ascertained as being the case. In that regard, the concept is related to the notion of authentication, where by an interest outside of a legal form exists in determining whether an object is what it purports to be, or is alleged as being.
As it has been noted above that the use of drug has become a significant and social problem in the society therefore the chemical testing of biological specimens from individuals is generally accepted to be the most objective method for determining the drug use.
As such, toxicological analysis represents a tool for assessing the degree of impairment exerted by a drug or combination of drugs. With the ultimate degree of impairment being death, toxicological findings are also used to determine cause and manner of death. Every year many people are found dead in unexplained circumstances: they may be found in bed at home or in hotels, or in squats or on open ground.
Evidence found at the scene, such as empty tablet bottles, bottles of alcohol or drug-taking paraphernalia can help to indicate a drug or alcohol-related death. Toxicological analysis can be crucial in determining the cause of death and many such cases are submitted to LGC Forensics from coroners and the police.
Suspicious deaths in nursing homes and hospitals are particularly challenging, as the interpretation of high levels of a prescribed drug in an individual with some tolerance to its effects can be complex. Another application is to determine whether the actions, behavior or demeanor of a homicide subject or suspect were affected by drugs or alcohol at the time of the incident and, thereby, offer potentially mitigating circumstances when the case is brought before a jury.
Data on forensic evidence collected at crime scenes included DNA material, weapons evidence, latent prints, ballistics, trace evidence, and other types of forensic evidence. Through crime lab reports, it was possible to determine the number of cases with requests for analysis by investigators and the results of the analysis by forensic scientists. Comparisons were then made between open and closed cases from the two participating sites.
Skopp, Heidelberg; L. Ther Drug Monit Handbuch gerichtliche Medizin, Bd. Emphasis on forensic application. Am J Forensic Med Pathol J Forensic Med. Forensic Med. State, AIR Bom. Having gathered and evaluated the available toxicological evidence, they may attend court as an expert witness to describe and explain the evidence relating to the case.
Forensic toxicologists use modern analytical procedures to isolate, identify and quantify drugs, endogenous compounds and poisonous substances in forensic samples. Often, only very small quantities of sample can be retrieved from the crime scene or the mortuary, and the sample matrix can vary widely, to include body fluids, plant materials and drug paraphernalia. Accept Cookie Settings. Download PDF Copy. By Michael Greenwood, M.
Reviewed by Dr. Metabolomics in toxicology. Related Stories Using mass spectrometry to determine the sex of fingermarks Determining class A drug use from a single fingerprint Single fingerprint can help determine whether someone has touched or ingested class A drugs.
Rapid Toxicology Screening Play. Source Principles of Forensic Toxicology. Vitreous humor analysis for the detection of xenobiotics in forensic toxicology: a review. Collection of biological samples in forensic toxicology. Citations Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: APA Greenwood, Michael.
MLA Greenwood, Michael. Chicago Greenwood, Michael. Harvard Greenwood, Michael. Suggested Reading. Researchers propose replacing ancestry in forensics with a population structure approach.
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