They will press on your stomach to see if you are in pain. For men, your doctor may do a rectal exam to check your prostate. Additional tests include:. Some bladder stones small ones pass on their own. This happens as you urinate. There may be some pain as they pass. Drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of water each day to increase urination.
In most cases, your doctor will need to remove them. The most common way is to use a cystoscope. Your doctor will insert a small tube attached to a camera into your urethra. The camera detects the stones. Your doctor uses a laser or ultrasound to break the stones into smaller sizes.
Fluids will wash out the remaining pieces. If stones are too large, surgery may be necessary. Your doctor will cut an opening near your pelvis to remove the stones. Surgery requires some form of anesthesia.
You might have to stay in a hospital. After surgery, your doctor will check to make sure all stones are gone. They may repeat tests to confirm. Your doctor also might prescribe medicine to prevent infection. Your doctor may need to treat the cause of your bladder stones. This is more likely to happen if you: do not drink enough fluids are taking some types of medication have a medical condition that raises the levels of certain substances in your urine Find out more about the causes of kidney stones After a kidney stone has formed, your body will try to pass it out when you pee.
Treating and preventing kidney stones Most kidney stones are small enough to be passed in your pee, and it may be possible to treat the symptoms at home with medication.
Larger stones may need to be broken up or removed with surgery. Find out more about treating kidney stones It's estimated up to half of all people who have had kidney stones will experience them again within the following 5 years. Find out more about preventing kidney stones The kidneys The kidneys are 2 bean-shaped organs that are roughly 10cm 4 inches in length. They're located towards the back of the abdomen on either side of the spine.
Video: what are kidney stones? Bladder stones are hard masses of minerals in your bladder. They develop when the minerals in concentrated urine crystallize and form stones.
This often happens when you have trouble completely emptying your bladder. Small bladder stones may pass without treatment, but sometimes bladder stones need medications or surgery.
Left untreated, bladder stones may lead to infections and other complications. Sometimes bladder stones — even large ones — cause no problems. But if a stone irritates the bladder wall or blocks the flow of urine, signs and symptoms may include:. Your urinary system — which includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — removes waste from your body through urine. Your kidneys, located in the rear portion of your upper abdomen, produce urine by filtering waste and fluid from your blood.
Bladder stones can develop when your bladder doesn't empty completely. This causes urine to become concentrated urine. Concentrated urine can crystallize and form stones. Some infections can lead to bladder stones.
Sometimes an underlying condition that affects the bladder's ability to hold, store or eliminate urine can result in bladder stone formation. Any foreign materials present in the bladder tend to cause bladder stones. According to one article, the average size of a ureter is 3—4 millimeters mm wide.
If a person has large kidney stones or stones that block the urinary tract, a doctor may recommend surgical removal. When people have their kidney stones removed, a urologist, a medical professional specializing in surgeries of this nature, removes the kidney stones or breaks them into small pieces. There are three types of surgery :. The NIDDK recommend that people drink six to eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day unless they have kidney failure. While it is best to drink water to dilute urine, citrus drinks, such as orange juice and lemonade, can protect against kidney stones.
This is because they contain citrate, which stops crystals from forming into kidney stones. The table below describes which medication a doctor may prescribe for which kind of kidney stone.
If a person knows what kind of kidney stones they had previously, the following nutrition tips may help prevent them from coming back. According to a study , caffeinated drinks, especially coffee , increase the risk of recurring kidney stones. Similarly, drinks that contain a lot of sugar increase the risk of people developing kidney stones. Some factors that may increase the chance of people forming kidney stones include:.
People are more likely to develop kidney stones if they have:. People on the following medications are more likely to develop kidney stones:. According to the NIDDK , doctors diagnose kidney stones through a medical history, physical exams, and tests. Doctors may also order an abdominal X-ray or a CT scan.
According to the NIDDK , if a person does not seek treatment for kidney stones, they might be at risk of:. There are four different kinds of kidney stones, each made up of various chemicals.
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